Acetaminophen Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Acetaminophen, including details on paracetamol, pain relief, side effects, toxicity.

Recommended Books on Acetaminophen

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): A Critical Bibliographic Review Paracetamol (Acetominophen) is one of the most widely used pain-killers in the world. Research on this drug continues, particularly in the fields of toxicology, mechanisms of action, adverse reactions, and overdose poisoning. Prescott has brought together recent findings in these, and other areas, to produce a comprehensive, updated, benchmark volume on this drug.

Study of the properties of molecularly imprinted polymers by computational and conformational analysis [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta] This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
In this paper, a simplified model was set up to give an insight into the properties of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) at molecular level using MMFF94 force field. Based on our model, the interaction energies (@DEs) between monomers and template or its analogues were calculated, and the most possible conformations of template or its analogues interacting with monomers in the molar ratio 1/4 were found. The obtained results using the computational and conformational analysis showed that large @DE meant more activity sites in the cavities in the resultant polymer giving high affinity and good selectivity, leading to a large imprinting factor and when the @DE differences were small, the imprinting factors were mainly determined by the activity sites. These were well consistent with the experimental results, which confirmed the validity of the model and method proposed that were believed to benefit screening molecularly imprinted systems rapidly in an experiment-free way instead of trial-and-error approach. Considering the affinity and selectivity, 2,6-bisacrylamide pyridine was predicted to be the optimal monomer used to prepare paracetamol MIP for application in quantification of drugs from the @DE and possible activity sites.

The 2007-2012 Outlook for Acetaminophen (paracetamol) in India This study covers the latent demand outlook for acetaminophen (paracetamol) across the states, union territories and cities of India. Latent demand (in millions of U.S. dollars), or potential industry earnings (P.I.E.) estimates are given across some 5,000 cities in India. For each city in question, the percent share the city is of it’s state or union territory and of India as a whole is reported. These comparative benchmarks allow the reader to quickly gauge a city vis-à-vis others. This statistical approach can prove very useful to distribution and/or sales force strategies. Using econometric models which project fundamental economic dynamics within each state or union territory and city, latent demand estimates are created for acetaminophen (paracetamol). This report does not discuss the specific players in the market serving the latent demand, nor specific details at the product level. The study also does not consider short-term cyclicalities that might affect realized sales. The study, therefore, is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved.

On-line microfluidic sensor integrated with an enzyme-modified pre-cell for the monitoring of paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta] This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
An on-line microfluidic sensing device with an enzyme-modified pre-cell coupled to an amperometric detector for the monitoring of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations is described. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [EC 1.11.1.7], immobilized on a 3@ml pre-cell, in presence of hydrogen peroxide catalyses the oxidation of paracetamol to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine. The electrochemical reduction back to hydroquinone is detected on glassy carbon electrode surface at -0.10V. The recovery of paracetamol from 10 samples ranged from 99.00 to 101.10%. This method could be used to determine paracetamol concentration in the range 0.35-100@mM (r=0.997) with a limit of detection of 3.0x10^-^7M and a relative standard deviation was less than 4.1% (n=8). The method was successfully applied for the processing of as many as 20 samples per hour of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations.

The 2007 Report on Acetaminophen (paracetamol): World Market Segmentation by City This report was created for global strategic planners who cannot be content with traditional methods of segmenting world markets. With the advent of a “borderless world”, cities become a more important criteria in prioritizing markets, as opposed to regions, continents, or countries. This report covers the top 2000 cities in over 200 countries. It does so by reporting the estimated market size (in terms of latent demand) for each major city of the world. It then ranks these cities and reports them in terms of their size as a percent of the country where they are located, their geographic region (e.g. Africa, Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, Latin America), and the total world market. In performing various economic analyses for its clients, I have been occasionally asked to investigate the market potential for various products and services across cities. The purpose of the studies is to understand the density of demand within a country and the extent to which a city might be used as a point of distribution within its region. From an economic perspective, however, a city does not represent a population within rigid geographical boundaries. To an economist or strategic planner, a city represents an area of dominant influence over markets in adjacent areas. This influence varies from one industry to another, but also from one period of time to another. In what follows, I summarize the economic potential for the world's major cities for "acetaminophen (paracetamol)" for the year 2007. The goal of this report is to report my findings on the real economic potential, or what an economist calls the latent demand, represented by a city when defined as an area of dominant influence. The reader needs to realize that latent demand may or may not represent real sales. For many items, latent demand is clearly observable in sales, as in the case for food or housing items. Consider, however, the category "satellite launch vehicles". Clearly, there are no launch pads in most cities of the world. However, the core benefit of the vehicles (e.g. telecommunications, etc.) is "consumed" by residents or industries within the world's cities. Without certain cities, in other words, the market for satellite launch vehicles would be lower for the world in general. One needs to allocate, therefore, a portion of the worldwide economic demand for launch vehicles to both regions and cities. This report takes the broader definition and considers, therefore, a city as a part of the global market.

Sequential spectrophotometric determination of paracetamol and p-aminophenol with 2,2'-(1,4-phenylenedivinylene) bis-8-hydroxyquinoline as a novel coupling ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta] This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
A new method to determine paracetamol and p-aminophenol in pharmaceutical products is presented. The purpose of this work is to introduce 2,2'-(1,4-phenylenedivinylene) bis-8-hydroxyquinoline (PBHQ) as a novel coupling agent. This developed method is based on the microwave assisted alkaline hydrolysis of paracetamol to p-aminophenol, which reacts in mildly alkaline medium with 2,2-(1,4-phenylenedivinylene)bis-8-hydroxyquinoline (PBHQ) as a novel coupling reagent. The formed product shows maximum absorbance at 650nm with molar absorptivity=3.4x10^4lmol^-^1cm^-^1 and the method was linear in the 0.44-5.5mgl^-^1 concentration range. The detection limit value was found to be 0.09@mgml^-^1. The stoichiometric composition of the dye is 2:1 (PAP:PBHQ). The effect of concentration of reactants and temperature on the coupling reaction was investigated. The proposed method is successfully adopted for the determination of paracetamol and p-aminophenol in various pharmaceutical preparations.

The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Acetaminophen (paracetamol) The liberalization of markets has lead to record levels of international investments. Icon Group Ltd.'s primary mission is to assist international managers to better plan and implement strategies in a global economy. It does so by providing various specialized industry reports, data bases, publications and services to its clients. This report is one of many published by Icon Group Ltd. to assist executives and planners in monitoring and analyzing world markets. In addition to industry-specific studies, Icon Group Ltd.'s reports cover human resources management, export strategies, investment strategies, entry & marketing strategies, political and economic risk assessments and legal trends (e.g., intellectual property, criminal justice, search & seizure). This reports concisely compiles a variety of official and proprietary information in a format that allows the reader to quickly benchmark a country vis-à-vis its region and the world as a whole. While attention has been made to provide the most recent information available, the reader should consult with local authorities concerning any recent changes. In addition to Icon Group's propriety sources, the information presented in our reports is compiled from various government agencies (e.g. local ministries), international organizations (e.g., the World Bank, the United Nations), and national authorities (e.g. the Central Intelligence Agency, the U.S. Department of State or Commerce).

The 2007-2012 Outlook for Acetaminophen (paracetamol) in Greater China This study covers the latent demand outlook for acetaminophen (paracetamol) across the regions of Greater China, including provinces, autonomous regions (Guangxi, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Xizang - Tibet), municipalities (Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Tianjin), special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and Taiwan (all hereafter referred to as “regions”). Latent demand (in millions of U.S. dollars), or potential industry earnings (P.I.E.) estimates are given across some 1,100 cities in Greater China. For each major city in question, the percent share the city is of the region and of Greater China is reported. Each major city is defined as an area of “economic population”, as opposed to the demographic population within a legal geographic boundary. For many cities, the economic population is much larger that the population within the city limits; this is especially true for the cities of the Western regions. For the coastal regions, cities which are close to other major cities or which represent, by themselves, a high percent of the regional population, actual city-level population is closer to the economic population (e.g. in Beijing). Based on this “economic” definition of population, comparative benchmarks allow the reader to quickly gauge a city’s marketing and distribution value vis-à-vis others. This exercise is quite useful for persons setting up distribution centers or sales force strategies. Using econometric models which project fundamental economic dynamics within each region and city of influence, latent demand estimates are created for acetaminophen (paracetamol). This report does not discuss the specific players in the market serving the latent demand, nor specific details at the product level. The study also does not consider short-term cyclicalities that might affect realized sales. The study, therefore, is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved.

Direct determination of paracetamol in powdered pharmaceutical samples by fluorescence spectroscopy [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta] This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
The native fluorescence of paracetamol (PA) in the solid state is demonstrated, allowing the development of a rapid, simple and rugged method for direct analysis of pharmaceutical formulations. It is easily adaptable to any spectrofluorimeter, and no chemical treatment of the sample is needed. The fluorescence measurements (@l"e"x=333nm; @l"e"m=382nm) are performed directly on the powdered sample, the active substance being diluted in lactose, maize starch, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), talc and stearic acid. The influence of the ingredients of PA formulations is discussed. Fluorescence intensity is linearly dependent on PA concentration within the 100-400mgg^-^1 range. The analytical frequency is 200h^-^1. Detection and quantification limits were estimated within the 13.0-16.7 and 43.1-55.7mgg^-^1 ranges for samples with different ingredient proportions. The method was applied to pharmaceutical formulations and the relative standard deviation of results was <2.7% (n=20) for all tested ingredient proportions. Results were compared with those obtained by a method recommended by the British Pharmacopoeia and no statistical difference between methods was found at the 95% confidence level.

Artificial neural network for simultaneous determination of two components of compound paracetamol and diphenhydramine hydrochloride powder on NIR spectroscopy ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta] This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Diffuse reflectance near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a technique widely used for rapid and non-destructive analysis of solid samples. A method for simultaneous analysis of the two components of compound paracetamol and diphenhydramine hydrochloride powdered drug has been developed by using artificial neural network (ANN) on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. An ANN containing three layers of nodes was trained. Various ANN models based on pretreated spectra (first-derivative, second-derivative and standard normal variate; SNV) were tested and compared, respectively. In the models the concentration of paracetamol and caffeine as active principles of compound paracetamol and diphenhydramine hydrochloride powder was determined simultaneously. Partial least squares regression (PLS) multivariate calibrations were also used, which were compared with ANN. The best model was obtained at first-derivative spectra. We have also discussed the parameters that affected the networks and predicted the test set (unknown) specimens. The degree of approximation, a new evaluation criteria of the network were employed, which proved the accuracy of the predicted results.

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